References related to West Greenland

Appel, P. U. 1974: On an unmetamorphosed iron-formation in the early Precambrian of Southwest Greenland. Miner. Deposita 9, 75-82.

Appel, P. W. U., Moorbath, S., Taylor, P. N. 1978: Least radiogenic lead from Isua, West Greenland. Nature, 242, 524-526.

Appel, P. W. U. 1979: Stratabound copper sulfides in a banded iron-formation and in basaltic tuffs in the Early Precambrian Isua supracrustal belt, West Greenland. Econ. Geol., 74, 45-52.

Monster, J., Appel, P. W. U., Thode, H. G., Schidlowski, M., Carmichael, C. M. and Bridgwater, D. 1979: Sulfur isotope studies in Early Archaean sediments from Isua, West Greenland: Implications for the Antiquity of bacterial sulfate reduction. Geoch. Cosmoch. Acta. 43, 405-413.

Schidlowski, M., Appel, P. W. U., Eichmann, R. & Junge, C. E. 1979: Carbon isotope geochemistry of the 3.7 x 109-yr-old Isua sediments,West Greenland: Implications for the Archaean carbon and oxygen cycles. Geoch. Cosmoch. Acta, 43, 189-190.

Appel, P. W. U. 1980: On the Early Archaean Isua iron-formation, West Greenland. Precam. Res., 11, 73-87.

Appel, P. W. U. 1980: Need for an iron-formation reference sample. Geostandards Newsletter. Vol. 4, 19.

Appel, P. W. U. 1982: Strata-bound sulphides in the early Archaean Isua supracrustal belt, West Greenland. in: Amstutz, G. C., El Goresy, A., Frenzel, G., Kluth, C., Moh, G., Waushkuhn, A. & Zimmermann, R. A.: Ore Genesis. The state of art. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York, 405-413.

Appel, P. W. U. 1983: Rare Earth Elements in the Early Archaean Isua iron-formation, West Greenland. Precam. Res., 20, 243-258.

Appel, P. 1983: Nuukit – Grønlands nye smykkesten. Tidskr. Grønland, 6, 157-158.

Appel, P. W. U. 1984: On an iron-formation in the Precambrian Tartoq Group South-West Greenland. Rapp. Grønl. geol. Unders., 120, 74-78.

Appel, P. W. U. 1984: Tourmaline in the Early Archaean Isua supracrustal belt, West Greenland. J. Geol., 92, 599-605.

Appel, P. W. U. 1984: Tungsten mineralisations in the Godthåb area, West Greenland. Rapp. Grønl. geol. Unders., 120, 51-54.

Appel, P. W. U. 1985: Strata-bound tourmaline in the Archaean Malene supracrustal belt, West Greenland. Can. J. Earth Sci., 22, 1485-1491.

Appel, P. W. U. 1985: On the occurrence of scheelite in the Early Archaean Isua supracrustal belt, West Greenland. Rapp. Grønl. geol. Unders., 125, 45-47.

Appel, P. W. U. 1986: Gahnite in an Archaean iron-formation, West Greenland. Mineral. Mag., 50, 175-177.

Appel, P. 1986: Tungsten in West Greenland. Mining Magazine. Feb. 102-103.

Appel, P. W. U. 1986: Strata-bound scheelite in the Archaean Malene supracrustal belt, West Greenland. Miner. Deposita, 21, 207-215.

Appel, P. W. U. 1987: Scheelite occurrences in granulite facies metamorphosed supracrustal rocks, West Greenland. Rapp. Grønl. Geol. Unders., 135, 42-45.

Richards, J. R. & Appel, P. W. U. 1987: Age of the “Least Radiogenic” galenas at Isua, West Greenland. Chem. Geol. (Isotop. Geosci. Sec.) 66, 181-191.

Appel, P. W. U. & Garde, A. A. 1987: Stratabound scheelite and stratiform tourmalinites in the Archaean Malene supracrustal rocks, southern West Greenland. Bull. Grønlands geol. Unders. 156, 26 pp.

Appel, P. W. U. 1988: Tungsten Mineralization in the Archaean of West Greenland. Krystalinikum, 19, 9-20.

Appel, P. W. U. 1988: On an Sn-W-bearing iron-formation in the Archaean Malene supracrustals, West Greenland. Precam. Res., 39, 131-137.

Appel, P. W. U. 1988: Stratiform tourmalinites in the Archaean tungsten province of West Greenland. Mineral. Petrol., 39, 79-91.

Appel, P. W. U. 1988: Scheelite in the Malene supracrustals of the Ivisârtoq area, West Greenland. Rapp. Grønl. geol. Unders., 140, 57-58.

Appel, P. W. U. 1988: Tourmalinites in Precambrian supracrustal rocks from Aasiaat, West Greenland. Rapp. Grønl. geol. Unders., 140, 44-46.

Shimizu, H., Umemoto, N., Masuda, A. & Appel, P. W. U. 1990: Sources of iron-formations in the Archean Isua and Malene supracrustals, West Greenland: Evidence from La-Ce and Sm-Nd isotopic data and REE abundances. Geoch. Cosmoch. Acta, 54, 1147-1154.

Appel, P. W. U. 1994: Stratabound scheelite in altered Archaean komatiites, West Greenland. Mineralium Deposita, 29, 341-352.

Appel, P. W. U. 1995: Tourmalinites in the 3800 Ma old Isua supracrustal belt, West Greenland. Precam. Res. 72, 227-234.

Chaussidon, M. & Appel, P. W. U., 1997: Boron isotopic composition of tourmalines from the 3.8-Ga-old Isua supracrustals, West Greenland: implications on the δ11 B value of early Archean seawater. Chem. Geol. 136, 171-180.

Appel, P. W. U., 1997: High bromine contents and low Cl/Br ratios in hydrothermally altered Archaean komatiitic rocks, West Grenland. Precam. Res. 82, 177-189.

Appel, P. W. U., Fedo, C. M., Moorbath, S. and Myers, J. S.1998: Recognizable primary volcanic and sedimentary features in a low-strain domain of the highly deformed, oldest known (~3.7-3.8 Gyr) Greenstone Belt, Isua, West Greenland. Terra Nova. 10, 57-62

Appel, P. W. U. 1999: Collection of museum specimen from the oldest rocks on Earth for NATURALIS, Leiden, Holland. GEUS, Report 1999/65, 16 pp.

Appel, P.W.U., and Moorbath, S., 1999, Exploring Earth’s Oldest Geological Record in West Greenland: EOS, v. 80, nr. 23, p. 257.

Appel, P. W. U., 2000: Gahnite in the ~3.75 Ga Isua Greenstone Belt, West Greenland. Miner. Mag. 64(1), 121-124.

Appel, P. W. U., Rollinson, H. R., Touret, J. R. L. 2001: Remnants of an Early Archaean (>3.75Ga) sea-floor, hydrothermal system in the Isua Greenstone Belt. Precam. Res. 112/1-2, 27-49.

Fedo, C. M., Myers, J. S. and Appel, P. W. U., 2001: Depositional setting and Palaeographic Implications of Earth’s Oldest supracrustal rocks, the >3.7 Ga Isua Greenstone belt, West Greenland. Sedimentary Geology 141-142, 61-77.

Appel, C. C., Appel, P. W. U. and Rollinson, H. R. 2002: Complex chromite textures reveal the history of an early Archaean layered ultramafic body in West Greenland. Miner. Mag. 66, 1029-1041.

Appel, P.W.U., Moorbath, S., Touret, J. L. R. 2003: Early Archaean Processes and the Isua Greenstone Belt, West Greenland. Precam. Res. 126, 173-180.

Lowry, D., Appel, P. W. U., Rollinson, H.R. 2003: Oxygen isotope investigation of a layered early Archaean chromitite, south of Isua, West Greenland. Precam. Res. 126, 273-288.

Polat A., Hofmann,. A. W., Münker, C., Regelous, M. and Appel, P. W. U., 2003. Contrasting geochemical patterns in the 3.7-3.8 Ga pillow basalt cores and rims, Isua greenstone belt, Southwest Greenland: Implications for postmagmatic alteration processes. Geoc. Cosmoch. Acta, 67, 441-457.

Polat, A., Hofmann, A. W. and Appel, P. W. U., 2004: Geochemical diversity in volcanic rocks of the 3.7-3.8 Ga Isua greenstone belt, SW Greenland: Implications for Mantle Composition. In: P. Eriksson et al. (Eds.), Tempos and events in Precambrian Time, Development in Precambrian Geology, Vol. 12, Elsevier, 74-88.

Heijlen, W., Appel, P. W. U., Frezzotti, M-L, Horsewell, A. and Touret, J. L. R., 2006: Metamorphic fluid flow in the northeastern part of the 3.8-3.7 Ga Isua Greenstone Belt (SW Greenland): A re-evaluation of fluid inclusion evidence for early Archean seafloor-hydrothermal systems. Geoch. Cosmoch. Acta, 70, 3075-3095.

Appel, P.W.U., Abrahamsen, N. & Rasmussen, T.M, 2006. Unusual features caused by lightning impact in West Greenland. Geological Magazine, Volume 143, Issue 05, September 2006, pp 737-741.

Appel, P. W. U., Polat, A. & Frei, R. 2009 : Dacitic ocelli in mafic lavas 3.8-3.7 Ga Isua greenstone belt, West Greenland: Geochemical evidence for partial melting of oceanic crust and magma mixing, Chemical Geology 258, 105-124.

Appel, P. W. U., Polat, A. & Frei, R. 2009 : Dacitic ocelli in mafic lavas 3.8-3.7 Ga Isua greenstone belt, West Greenland: Geochemical evidence for partial melting of oceanic crust and magma mixing, Chemical Geology 258, 105-124.

Jørgensen, U.G., Appel, P.W.U., Hatsukawa, Y., Frei, R., Oshima, M., Yosuke, T. & Kimura, A., 2009: The Earth–Moon system during the late heavy bombardment period – Geochemical support for impacts dominated by comets. Icarus, 204 (2009) 368-380.

Polat, A., Frei, R., Scherstén, A. and Appel, P. W. U., 2010: New age (ca. 2970 Ma), mantle source composition and geodynamic constraints on the Archean Fiskenæsset anorthosite complex, SW Greenland. Chem. Geol. 277, 1-20.

Polat, A., Fryer, B.J., Appel, P.W.U., Kalvig, P., Kerrich, R., Dilek, Y., & Yan, Z., 2011. Geochemistry of anorthositic differentiated sills in the Archean (~ 2970 Ma) Fiskenæsset Complex, SW Greenland: Implications for parental magma compositions, geodynamic setting, and secular heat flow in arcs Lithos, 123, Iss. 1-4, 50-72.